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Juan está estudiando (John is studying) is the present progressive construction. For example: Juan estudia (John studies) is the present tense. The present participle in Spanish ends in – ando (for – ar verbs) or – iendo (for both – er and – ir verbs) and is the equivalent of an English verb ending in –ing. Then you use the present participle form of the main verb. To use a verb in the present progressive, you must first conjugate the verb estar to go with the subject. This makes the present progressive very easy to learn and understand. The present progressive construction is created the same way in Spanish as it is in English. The Spanish use the present progressive similarly.

For example, “He is studying French” has the same basic meaning as “He studies French.” But if one asks what he is doing right now, it would also be appropriate to use the present progressive to answer: “He is studying French.” There are other cases in English sentences where the present progressive indicates that the action of the verb is not necessarily occurring at that exact moment of time, but rather is an ongoing process that is much like the simple present indicative tense. If the present tense is used to state “I bathe,” it has a slightly different meaning than if the present progressive tense is used: “I am bathing.” The understood meaning of the present progressive is that the action of the verb is happening at that point in time. In English the present progressive is often used to indicate an action in progress or ongoing.

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